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his　son　Liu　Qi；　who　was　to　succeed　in　the　lordship。
This　arrangement　greatly　angered　his　wife；　Lady　Cai。　She　closed　the　inner　doors　against　all　and　confided　to　her　own　partisans；　of　whom　Cai　Mao　and　Zhang　Yun　were　her　confidants；　the　keeping　of　the　outer　gates。
The　heir　was　at　Jiangxia；　and　he　came　to　make　filial　inquiries　as　soon　as　his　father's　condition　became　serious。
But　Cai　Mao　refused　him　admittance　and　said；　〃Your　father　sent　you　to　guard　Jiangxia。　Such　a　very　responsible　post　should　by　no　means　have　been　quitted　without　orders。　Suppose　it　was　attacked；　what　might　not　happen？　If　your　father　sees　you；　he　will　be　very　angry；　and　it　will　make　him　worse。　That　would　be　most　undutiful；　and　you　should　return　to　your　mand　at　once。〃
Liu　Qi　stood　out　for　some　time；　but　admittance　was　denied　him　in　spite　of　his　tears。　So　he　returned　to　his　post。　Meanwhile　Liu　Biao　rapidly　grew　worse。　He　anxiously　looked　for　his　son；　but　Liu　Qi　came　not。　Suddenly　Liu　Biao　uttered　piercing　shrieks　and　then　passed　away。

When　the　Yuans　were　lords　of　the　north；
And　Liu　Biao　held　the　bank　of　the　river；
It　seemed；　so　strong　were　they　both；
That　they　would　endure　forever。
But　the　family　affairs　troubled　their　states；
And；　meddling；　confusion　made；
It　was　mournful　indeed　to　see
How　quickly　the　houses　decayed。

So　Imperial　Protector　Liu　Biao　died。　Then　the　widow　and　her　partisans　took　counsel　together　and　forged　a　testament　conferring　the　lordship　of　Jingzhou　on　the　second　son　Liu　Zong　before　they　published　the　news　of　the　death。
The　wrongful　heir　was　then　fourteen　years　of　age。　But　he　was　a　cunning　boy；　so　he　assembled　the　officials　and　said；　〃My　father　has　passed　away；　and　my　elder　brother　is　at　Jiangxia。　More　than　that；　our　uncle　is　at　Xinye。　You　have　made　me　lord；　but　if　my　brother　and　uncle　e　here　with　an　army　to　punish　me　for　usurping　the　lordship；　what　explanation　can　I　offer？〃
At　first　no　one　replied。
Then　Adviser　Li　Gui　rose　and　said；　〃You　speak　well。　Now　hasten　to　send　letters　of　mourning　to　your　brother　and　ask　him　to　e　and　take　his　inheritance。　Also　call　upon　Liu　Bei　to　e　and　assist　in　the　administration。　Then　shall　we　be　safe　against　our　enemies………Cao　Cao　on　the　north　and　Sun　Quan　on　the　south。　I　consider　this　the　most　excellent　plan。〃
But　Cai　Mao　replied　harshly；　〃Who　are　you　to　speak　thus　wildly　and　oppose　the　testament　of　our　late　lord？〃
Li　Gui　began　to　abuse　him；　saying；　〃You　and　your　party　have　fabricated　this　testament；　setting　aside　the　rightful　heir。　Now　the　whole　region　is　in　the　hands　of　the　Cai　family。　If　our　dead　lord　knew　your　doings；　he　would　slay　you！〃
Cai　Mao　ordered　the　lictors　to　take　Li　Gui　away　to　execution。　He　was　hurried　out；　but　his　tongue　ceased　not。
So　the　younger　son　was　placed　in　his　father's　seat；　and　the　Cai　clan　shared　among　them　the　whole　military　authority　of　the　region。　The　defense　of　Jingzhou　was　confided　to　Liu　Xin　and　Deng　Yi；　while　Lady　Cai　and　her　son　took　up　their　residence　in　Xiangyang　so　as　to　be　out　of　the　reach　of　the　rightful　heir　and　his　uncle。　They　interred　the　remains　of　the　late　Imperial　Protector　on　the　east　of　Xiangyang；　near　the　bank　of　the　Han　River。　No　notice　of　the　death　was　sent　to　Liu　Qi；　the　son；　or　to　Liu　Bei；　his　uncle。
Liu　Zong　arrived　at　Xiangyang；　but；　before　he　had　had　time　to　recover　from　the　fatigue　of　the　journey；　the　startling　news　of　the　approach　of　Cao　Cao's　great　army　came　in。　He　summoned　Kuai　Yue　and　Cai　Mao　and　others　to　ask　counsel。
One　of　the　secretaries；　Fu　Xuan；　offered　his　advice；　saying；　〃Not　only　are　we　threatened　by　a　great　army　from　the　north；　but　the　elder　son；　who　is　the　real　heir；　at　Jiangxia；　and　his　uncle　at　Xinye；　are　to　be　reckoned　with。　These　two　have　not　been　notified　of　the　death；　and　they　will　resent　that。　We　shall　be　in　sad　case　if　they　also　march　against　us。　But　if　you　will　adopt　my　suggestion；　then　our　people　will　be　as　steady　as　Taishan　Mountains　and　our　young　lord's　position　and　rank　will　be　assured。〃
〃What　is　your　plan？〃　asked　the　young　lord。
〃To　offer　the　whole　region　to　Cao　Cao；　who　will　treat　our　young　master　most　liberally。〃
〃What　advice！〃　said　Liu　Zong　angrily。　〃Am　I　to　yield　my　heritage　to　another　before　I　have　even　fairly　succeeded　to　it？〃
〃The　advice　is　good；〃　said　Kuai　Yue。　〃Opportunism　is　a　policy；　and　possibilities　need　consideration。　In　the　name　of　government；　Cao　Cao　is　fighting　against　his　neighbors。　If　our　lord　opposes　him；　he　will　be　termed　contumacious。　Beside；　any　misfortune　on　our　borders　before　our　young　lord　is　well　established　will　react　upon　the　internal　administration；　and　our　people　will　be　panic…stricken　at　the　mere　news　of　the　approach　of　a　hostile　army。　How　could　we　then　offer　any　resistance？〃
Liu　Zong　replied；　〃It　is　not　that　I　disagree　with　you；　but　I　should　be　a　laughing　stock　to　the　whole　world　were　I　to　abandon　my　heritage　without　an　effort。〃
He　was　interrupted　by　a　speaker　who　said；　〃If　their　advice　is　good；　why　not　follow　it？〃
They　turned　toward　the　speaker　who　was　a　certain　Wang　Can　of　Shanyang；　a　lean；　cadaverous　individual　much　below　the　middle　height　of　a　man。
However；　his　talents　did　not　conform　to　his　physical　appearance。　When　he　was　yet　a　youth；　he　went　to　visit　Minister　Cai　Yong；　then　a　vice…chairman　of　the　Secretariat；　and　although　many　guests　of　exalted　rank　were　present；　the　host　hastened　to　wele　the　newer　with　the　greatest　deference。　The　others　were　astonished　and　asked　why　he　was　so　respectful　to　a　mere　youth。
〃He　is　a　young　man　with　the　highest　gifts；〃　said　Cai　Yong。
Wang　Can　was　widely　read　and　had　a　most　retentive　memory；　better　than　any　of　his　contemporaries。　If　he　glanced　at　a　roadside　monument　as　he　passed；　he　remembered　every　word　of　the　inscription。　If　he　saw　people　playing　chess　and　the　board　was　suddenly　overthrown；　he　could　replace　every　pip　in　its　proper　place。　He　was　a　good　mathematician　and　his　poems　were　exquisite。　At　seventeen　he　was　appointed　a　court　official　but　did　not　take　up　the　appointment。　When　the　disturbance　in　the　empire　grew　serious；　he　sought　refuge　in　Jingzhou；　where　he　was　received　with　great　honor　as　guest　of　the　Imperial　Protector。
What　he　said　was　this；　〃General；　how　do　you　pare　with　Cao　Cao？〃
〃Inferior；〃　replied　Liu　Zong。
Wang　Can　continued；　〃Cao　Cao　has　many　soldiers　and　bold　leaders。　He　is　able　and　resourceful。　He　took　Lu　Bu　at　Xiapi　and　broke　the　power　of　Yuan　Shao　at　Guandu。　He　pursued　Liu　Bei　into　Longyou　and　destroyed　Mao　Dun　at　White　Wolf　Hills。　The　destruction　of　such　firmly　established　men　shows　his　invincible　character。　Now　he　is　on　the　way　here；　and　it　will　be　very　difficult　to　withstand　him。　The　plan　proposed　is　the　best　you　can　expect；　and　you　should　not　delay　and　hesitate　till　it　is　too　late　for　ought　but　regret。〃
〃Worthy　Sir；　you　indeed　speak　to　the　point。　I　must　inform　my　mother；〃　said　the　young　ruler。
But　just　then　they　saw　his　mother　appear　from　behind　a　screen。　She　had　been　listening　to　all　that　was　said。
〃Why　refer　to　me　when　three　such　gentlemen　coincide　in　their　opinions？〃　said　Lady　Cai。
So　Liu　Zong　decided；　and　the　letter　of　surrender　was　posed　and　entrusted　to　one　Song　Zhong　to　convey　secretly　to　Cao　Cao。　Song　Zhong　went　straight　to　Wancheng　and　presented　the　letter。　It　was　received　with　joy；　and　the　bearer　well　rewarded。
The　submission　was　accepted；　and　Cao　Cao　said；　〃Tell　Liu　Zong　to　go　out　to　meet　me　in　the　open　country；　and　he　will　be　in　perpetual　tenure　of　his　land。〃
Song　Zhong　left　the　city　and　took　the　homeward　way。　He　had　nearly　reached　the　ferry　when　he　fell　in　with　a　party　of　horse。　On　a　closer　look　he　saw　the　leader　was　Guan　Yu。　The　messenger　tried　to　escape　observation；　but　was　presently　captured　and　taken　to　the　leader　to　be　questioned。　At　first　he　prevaricated　but　on　being　closely　questioned　told　the　whole　story。　Then　he　was　carried　off　to　Xinye　and　made　to　retell　his　story　to　Liu　Bei　who　heard　it　with　lamentations。
Zhang　Fei　said；　〃This　being　so；　I　propose　that　we　put　this　fellow　to　death；　then　cross　the　river；　attack　Xiangyang；　and　make　an　end　of　the　Cai　tribe　and　Liu　Zong　as　well。　Then　we　can　attack　Cao　Cao。〃
But　Liu　Bei　replied；　〃Hold　on。　I　have　something　more　to　say。〃
Then　turning　to　the　prisoner；　Liu　Bei　shouted；　〃When　they　did　all　this；　why　did　you　not　e　to　tell　me？　As　things　are　now；　there　is　nothing　to　be　gained　by　killing　you。　You　may　go。〃
Song　Zhong　stammered　his　thanks；　threw　his　arms　over　his　head；　and　ran　away。　Liu　Bei　was　very　sad。
Presently　Yi　Ji　from　Jiangxia　was　announced。　Liu　Bei　was　very　fond　of　this　man　and　went　down　the　steps　to　wele　him。
Then　said　Yi　Ji；　〃The　heir　has　heard　that　his　father　is　dead；　but　his　stepmother　and　her　family　are　keeping　back　the　news　so　that　they　may　set　up　Liu　Zong。　He　knows　the　news　is　true；　as　he　sent　a　special　messenger　to　find　out。　He　thinks　you；　O　Prince；　may　not　know　and　has　sent　me　to　inform　you；　and　his　letter　begs　you　to　lead　all　the　troops　you　can　to　Xiangyang　to　help　him　assert　his　claims。〃
Liu　Bei　opened　and　read　the　letter。
Then　he　said；　〃Yes；　you　know　that　the　younger　son　has　usurped　the　lordship；　but　you　have　not　heard　that　he　has　already　sent　to　offer　Jingzhou　to　Cao　Cao。〃
This　news　shocked　Yi　Ji；　who　asked；　〃How　know　you　this？〃
Liu　Bei　told　of　the　capture　of　Song　Zhong。
Yi　Ji　said；　〃You　can　go　to　Xiangyang　as　if　to　attend　the　mourning　ceremonies　and　so　draw　Liu　Zong　into　ing　out　of　the　city　to　wele　you。　Then　you　can　seize　him；　slay　his　party；　and　take　the　region。〃
〃Your　advice　is　good；〃　said　Zhuge　Liang；　〃and　my　lord　ought　to　take　it。〃
Liu　Bei　wept；　saying；　〃In　his　last　interview；　my　brother　confided　his　son　and　heir　to　my　care。　If　I　lay　hands　upon　another　son　and　seize　upon　the　inheritance；　how　shall　I　be　able　to　look　my　brother　in　the　face　when　I　meet　him　by　and　by　beyond　the　grave？〃
〃If　you　do　not　act　in　this　way　now；　how　will　you　repel　Cao　Cao；　who　has　already　reached　Wancheng？〃　said　Zhuge　Liang。
〃Our　best　plan　is　to　take　refuge　in　Fancheng；〃　replied　Liu　Bei。
Just　about　this　time　the　spies　came　to　say　that　Cao　Cao's　army　had　reached　Bowang。　So　Yi　Ji　was　sent　off　with　instructions　to　take　measures　for　the　defense　of　Jiangxia；　while　Liu　Bei　and　Zhuge　Liang　discussed　plans　for　meeting　the　enemy。
Zhuge　Liang　said；　〃My　lord　should　not　worry。　We　have　burned　the　army　of　Cao　Cao　at　Bowang　Slope；　so　we　will　see　them　fallen　into　another　ruse　in　Xinye。　This　is　no　place　to　live　in。　We　will　move　over　to　Fancheng。〃
Then　notices　were　posted　at　all　the　gates　that　all　the　people；　without　any　exception；　were　to　follow　their　ruler　at　once　to　the　new　city　to　escape　danger。　Boats　were　prepared　and　the　people　sent　away　under　the　direction　of　Sun　Qian。　Mi　Zhu　saw　to　the　safe　conveyance　of　the　families　of　the　officials。
Then　the　officers　assembled　for　orders。
Zhuge　Liang　gave　directions；　〃Guan　Yu　is　to　go　to　the　upper　of　the　White　River　with　one　thousand　troops。　His　men　are　to　carry　bags　to　fill　with　sand　and　earth　to　dam　the　river　till　the　enemy　shall　be　heard；　about　the　third　watch　next　day。　Then　the　waters　are　to　be　freed　to　drown　one　of　the　armies。　He　is　then　to　march　down　river。
〃Zhang　Fei　is　to　go　to　the　Boling　Ferry；　where　the　current　is　slow。　After　the　waters　of　the　White　River　have　been　let　loose　on　Cao　Cao's　soldiers；　they　will　try　to　get　over　the　river　at　the　ferry。　They　are　to　be　attacked　by　Zhang　Fei　and　his　one　thousand　troops。
〃Zhao　Yun　is　to　divide　three　thousand　troops　into　four　parties　and　take　one　to　the　east　gate。　The　other　three　are　for　the　other　gates。　The　roofs　of　the　houses　within　the　city　walls　are　piled　with　sulfur；　saltpeter；　and　other　bustibles。　The　intention　is　to　set　fire　to　the　city　when　the　army　of　the　enemy　has　entered　it　for　shelter。　There　will　be　a　strong　breeze　next　day　in　the　evening　which　will　fan　the　flames。　When　this　wind　begins　to　blow；　fire　arrows　are　to　be　shot　into　the　city　from　all　sides。　When　the　flames　are　high；　there　is　to　be　a　great　shouting　outside　to　add　to　the　general　terror。　The　east　gate　is　to　be　left　free　for　escape；　but　the　flying　men　are　to　be　smitten　after　passing　the　gate。
〃Mi　Fang　and　Liu　Feng　are　to　take　mand　of　two　thousand　troops；　one　half　with　red　flags　and　the　other　half　with　blue。　They　are　to　go　to　Magpie　Tail　Slope；　about　ten　miles　from　the　city　and　camp。　When　they　see　Cao　Cao's　army　ing　along；　the　red　flags　are　to　move　left　and　the　blue　right　to　confuse　the　enemy　so　that　they