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for　filial　devotion。　And　when　the　troubles　began；　I　built　for　myself　a　little　cottage　in　the　country　near　Qiao；　where　I　could　study　in　spring　and　summer　and　spend　the　rest　of　the　year　in　hunting　till　the　empire　was　once　more　tranquil　and　I　could　emerge　and　take　office。
〃To　my　surprise；　I　was　chosen　for　a　small　military　office　which　changed　my　intentions；　and　I　determined　to　repress　the　rebellion　and　so　make　a　name　for　myself。　I　thought　that　I　might　win　an　inscription　on　my　tomb　to　the　effect　that　it　covered　the　remains　of　the　'Lord　Cao　Cao　Who　Restores　Order　in　the　West。'　That　would　have　been　ample　for　a　life's　work。　I　recall　now　how　I　destroyed　Dong　Zhuo　and　smote　the　Yellow　Scarves；　then　I　made　away　with　Yuan　Shu　and　broke　the　power　of　Lu　Bu；　next　I　exterminated　Yuan　Shao；　and　at　the　death　of　Liu　Biao；　I　had　subdued　the　whole　empire。

＇e＇　King　Wen；　aka　the　Scholar　King；　founder　of　the　Zhou　Dynasty；　father　of　King　Wu。　King　Wen　did　not　actually　founded　the　dynasty；　but　he　laid　the　foundation　for　Zhou。　At　the　end　of　Shang　Dynasty；　the　state　Zhou　of　King　Wen　had　already　possessed　two…thirds　of　the　empire；　but　King　Wen　still　faithfully　served　the　last　emperor　of　Shang。　。。。。。
＇e＇　Duke　of　Zhou　was　brother　of　King　Wu；　who　was　the　founder　of　Zhou　Dynasty。　After　King　Wu's　death；　the　Duke　of　Zhou　served　his　young　son　as　regent。　The　Duke　of　Zhou　pletely　ended　the　Shang　domination；　and　he　helped　establish　the　Zhou　administrative　framework；　which　served　as　a　model　for　future　Chinese　dynasties。　Zhou　Dynasty　lasted　for　800　years　（BC　1050…221）。　。。。。。
＇e＇　Yi　Yin　was　was　helper　and　prime　minister　of　King　Tang；　the　founder　of　Shang　Dynasty。　After　King　Tang's　death；　Yi　Yin　served　his　sons　and　grandson。　Soon　after　Tai　Jia；　King　Tang's　grandson；　ascended　the　throne；　he　mitted　many　faults；　and　Yi　Yin；　acting　as　regent；　exiled　Tai　Jia　to　Tong　Palace………the　burial　place　of　King　Tang。　After　three　years　Yi　Yin　returned　him　the　throne。　Tai　Jia　eventually　became　an　enlightened　emperor。　Shang　Dynasty　lasted　for　650　years　（BC　1700…1050）。　It　was　this　act　of　Yi　Yin　rather　than　his　services　in　building　up　an　empire　that　has　made　him　immortal。　Whether　he　did　right　in　temporarily　dethroning　the　king　was　open　to　question；　until　a　final　verdict　was　rendered　by　Mencius　who　thought　that　his　ends　amply　justified　his　means。　This　historical　event　attests　the　extent　of　the　power　exercised　by　a　prime　minister　in　those　days。　。。。。。
〃As　a　minister　of　state　I　have　attained　the　topmost　pinnacle　of　honor；　and　I　have　no　more　to　hope　for。　Were　it　not　for　poor　me；　I　know　not　how　many　there　would　be　styling　themselves　emperors　and　dubbing　themselves　princes。　Certain　there　be　who；　seeing　my　great　authority；　think　I　have　some　ulterior　aim。　But　they　are　quite　wrong。　I　ever　bear　in　mind　what　Confucius　said　of　King　Wen　of　Zhou*；　that　he　was　perfectly　virtuous；　and　this　saying　is　ever　engraved　on　my　mind。　If　I　could；　I　would　do　away　with　my　armies　and　retire　to　my　fief　with　my　simple　title　of　Lord　of　Wuping。　Alas！　I　cannot。　I　am　afraid　to　lay　down　my　military　powers　lest　I　should　e　to　harm。　Should　I　be　defeated；　the　state　would　totter；　and　so　I　may　not　risk　real　misfortune　for　the　sake　of　an　empty　reputation　for　kindness。　There　be　some　of　you　who　do　not　know　my　heart。〃
As　he　closed；　they　all　rose　and　bowed　their　heads；　saying；　〃None　are　your　equals；　O　Prime　Minister；　not　even　Duke　of　Zhou*　or　the　great　Minister　Yi　Yin*。〃
A　poem　has　been　written　referring　to　this：

Had　Duke　Zhou；　the　virtuous；　died；　while　foul…mouthed　slander
was　spreading　vile　rumors；
Or　Wang　Mang；　the　treacherous；　while　he　was　noted　for　the
deference　paid　to　learned　men；
None　would　have　known　their　real　characters。

After　this　oration　Cao　Cao　drank　many　cups　of　wine　in　quick　succession　till　he　became　very　intoxicated。　He　bade　his　servants　bring　him　brush　and　inkstone　so　that　he　might　pose　a　poem。
But　as　he　was　beginning　to　write；　they　announced；　〃The　Marquis　of　Wu　has　sent　Hua　Xin　as　an　envoy　and　presented　a　memorial　to　appoint　Liu　Bei　Imperial　Protector　of　Jingzhou。　Sun　Quan's　sister　is　now　Liu　Bei's　wife；　while　on　the　River　Han；　the　greater　part　of　the　nine　territories　is　under　Liu　Bei's　rule。〃
Cao　Cao　was　seized　with　quaking　fear　at　the　news　and　threw　the　pen　on　the　floor。
Cheng　Yu　said　to　him；　〃O　Prime　Minister；　you　have　been　among　fighting　soldiers　by　myriads　and　in　danger　from　stones　and　arrows　many　a　time　and　never　quailed。　Now　the　news　that　Liu　Bei　has　got　possession　of　a　small　tract　of　country　throws　you　into　a　panic。　Why　is　it　thus？〃
Cao　Cao　replied；　〃Liu　Bei　is　a　dragon　among　humans。　All　his　life　hitherto　he　has　never　found　his　element；　but　now　that　he　has　obtained　Jingzhou：　It　is　as　if　the　dragon；　once　captive；　had　escaped　to　the　mighty　deep。　There　is　good　reason　for　me　to　quake　with　fear。〃
〃Do　you　know　the　reason　of　the　ing　of　Hua　Xin？〃　said　Cheng　Yu。
〃No；　I　know　not；〃　said　the　Prime　Minister。
〃Liu　Bei　is　Sun　Quan's　one　terror；　and　Sun　Quan　would　attack　Liu　Bei　were　it　not　for　you；　O　Prime　Minister。　Sun　Quan　feels　you　would　fall　upon　him　while　he　was　smiting　his　enemy。　Wherefore　he　has　taken　this　means　of　calming　Liu　Bei's　suspicions　and　fears　and　at　the　same　time　directing　your　enmity　toward　Liu　Bei　and　from　himself。〃
Cao　Cao　nodded。　〃Yes；〃　he　said。
Cheng　Yu　continued；　〃Now　this　is　my　plan　to　set　Sun　Quan　and　Liu　Bei　at　one　another　and　give　you　the　opportunity　to　destroy　both。　It　can　be　done　easily。〃
〃What　is　your　plan？〃　asked　Cao　Cao。
〃The　one　prop　of　the　South　Land　is　Zhou　Yu。　Remove　it　by　memorializing　that　Zhou　Yu　be　appointed　Governor　of　Nanjun。　Then　get　Cheng　Pu　made　Governor　of　Jiangxia；　and　cause　the　Emperor　to　retain　this　Hua　Xin　in　the　capital　to　await　some　important　post。　Zhou　Yu　will　assuredly　attack　Liu　Bei；　and　that　will　be　our　chance。　Is　not　the　scheme　good？〃
〃Friend　Cheng　Yu；　you　are　a　man　after　my　own　heart。〃
Wherefore　Cao　Cao　summoned　the　emissary　from　the　South　Land　and　overwhelmed　him　with　gifts。　That　day　was　the　last　of　the　feastings　and　merry…makings；　and　Cao　Cao；　with　all　the　pany；　returned　to　the　capital　where　he　forthwith　presented　a　memorial　assigning　Zhou　Yu　and　Cheng　Pu　to　the　governorships　of　Nanjun　and　Jiangxia；　and　Hua　Xin　was　retained　at　the　capital　with　a　post　of　ministry。
The　messenger　bearing　the　missions　for　their　new　offices　went　down　to　the　South　Land；　and　both　Zhou　Yu　and　Cheng　Pu　accepted　the　appointments。　Having　taken　over　his　mand；　the　former　thought　all　the　more　of　the　revenge　he　contemplated　and；　to　bring　matters　to　a　head；　he　wrote　to　Sun　Quan　asking　him　to　send　Lu　Su　and　renew　the　demand　for　the　rendition　of　Jingzhou。
Wherefore　Lu　Su　was　summoned；　and　his　master　said　to　him；　〃You　are　the　guarantor　in　the　loan　of　Jingzhou　to　Liu　Bei。　He　still　delays　to　return　it；　and　how　long　am　I　to　wait？〃
〃The　writing　said　plainly　that　the　rendition　would　follow　the　occupation　of　Yizhou。〃
Sun　Quan　shouted　back；　〃Yes；　it　said　so！　But　so　far　they　have　not　moved　a　soldier　to　the　attack。　I　will　not　wait　till　old　age　has　e　to　us　all。〃
〃I　will　go　and　inquire？〃　said　Lu　Su。
So　he　went　down　into　a　ship　and　sailed　to　Jingzhou。
Meanwhile　Liu　Bei　and　Zhuge　Liang　were　at　Jingzhou　gathering　in　supplies　from　all　sides；　drilling　their　troops；　and　training　their　armies。　From　all　quarters　people　of　learning　flocked　to　their　side。　In　the　midst　of　this　they　heard　of　Lu　Su's　ing；　and　Liu　Bei　asked　Zhuge　Liang　what　he　thought。
Zhuge　Liang　replied；　〃Just　lately　Sun　Quan　concerned　himself　with　getting　you　appointed　Imperial　Protector　of　Jingzhou：　That　was　calculated　to　inspire　Cao　Cao　with　fear。　Cao　Cao　obtained　for　Zhou　Yu　the　governorship　of　Nanjun：　That　was　designed　to　stir　up　strife　between　our　two　houses　and　set　us　fighting　so　that　he　might　acplish　his　own　ends。　This　visit　of　Lu　Su　means　that　Zhou　Yu；　having　taken　over　his　new　governorship；　wishes　to　force　us　out　of　this　place。〃
〃Then　how　shall　we　reply？〃
〃If　Lu　Su　introduces　the　subject；　you　will　at　once　set　up　loud　lamentations。　When　the　sound　of　lamentation　is　at　its　height；　I　will　appear　and　talk　over　your　visitor。〃
Thus　they　planned；　and　Lu　Su　was　duly　received　with　all　honor。
When　the　salutations　were　over　and　host　and　guest　were　about　to　be　seated；　Lu　Su　said；　〃Sir；　now　that　you　are　the　husband　of　a　daughter　of　Wu；　you　have　bee　my　lord；　and　I　dare　not　sit　in　your　presence。〃
Liu　Bei　laughed。　〃You　are　an　old　friend；〃　said　he。　〃Why　this　excessive　humility？〃
So　Lu　Su　took　his　seat。　And　when　tea　had　been　served；　the　guest　said；　〃I　have　e　at　the　order　of　my　master　to　discuss　the　subject　of　Jingzhou。　You；　O　Imperial　Uncle；　have　had　the　use　of　the　place　for　a　long　time。　Now　that　your　two　houses　are　allied　by　marriage；　there　should　be　the　most　friendly　relations　between　you　two；　and　you　should　hand　it　back　to　my　master。〃
At　this　Liu　Bei　covered　his　face　and　began　to　cry。
〃What　is　the　matter？〃　asked　the　guest。
Liu　Bei　only　wept　the　more　bitterly。
Then　Zhuge　Liang　came　in　from　behind　a　screen；　saying；　〃I　have　been　listening。　Do　you　know　why　my　lord　weeps　so　bitterly？〃
〃Really　I　know　not。〃
〃But　it　is　easy　to　see。　When　my　lord　got　the　temporary　occupation　of　Jingzhou；　he　gave　the　promise　to　return　it　when　he　had　got　the　West　River　Land。　But　reflect。　Liu　Zhang　of　Yizhou　is　my　lord's　younger　brother；　and　both　of　them　are　blood　relations　of　the　ruling　family。　If　my　lord　were　to　move　an　army　to　capture　another　region；　he　fears　the　blame　of　the　ignorant。　And　if　he　yields　this　place　before　he　has　another；　where　could　he　rest？　Yet　while　he　retains　this　place；　it　seems　to　shame　you。　The　thing　is　hard　on　both　sides；　and　that　is　why　he　weeps　so　bitterly。〃
The　close　of　Zhuge　Liang's　speech　seemed　to　move　Liu　Bei　to　greater　grief；　for　he　beat　his　breast　and　stamped　his　feet　and　wept　yet　more　bitterly。
Lu　Su　attempted　to　console　him；　saying；　〃Be　not　so　distressed；　O　Uncle。　Let　us　hear　what　Zhuge　Liang　can　propose。〃
Zhuge　Liang　said；　〃I　would　beg　you　to　return　to　your　master　and　tell　him　all。　Tell　him　of　this　great　trouble；　and　entreat　him　to　let　us　stay　here　a　little　longer。〃
〃But　suppose　he　refuses：　What　then？〃　said　Lu　Su。
〃How　can　he　refuse　since　he　is　related　by　marriage　to　my　master？〃　said　Zhuge　Liang。　〃I　shall　expect　to　hear　glad　tidings　through　you。〃
Lu　Su　was　really　the　first　of　generous　people。　Seeing　Liu　Bei　in　such　distress；　he　could　do　no　other　than　consent　and　say　he　would　do　so。　Liu　Bei　and　Zhuge　Liang　both　thanked　him　most　cordially；　and　after　a　banquet　the　emissary　went　down　into　his　ship　to　return。
On　the　way　Lu　Su　called　in　to　see　Zhou　Yu　at　Chaisang　and　told　him。
But　Zhou　Yu　stamped　his　foot　with　rage　and　said；　〃My　friend；　you　have　been　fooled　again。　Long　ago　when　Liu　Bei　was　dependent　on　Liu　Biao；　he　always　cherished　the　intention　to　supplant　him。　Think　you　that　he　really　pities　Liu　Zhang？　This　sort　of　evasive　policy　will　certainly　cause　you　much　trouble。　However；　I　have　a　scheme　which　I　think　Zhuge　Liang　will　not　be　able　to　get　the　better　of。　Only　you　will　have　to　make　another　journey。〃
〃I　should　be　pleased　to　hear　your　fine　scheme；〃　said　Lu　Su。
〃Do　not　go　to　see　our　master。　Return　to　Jingzhou　and　say　to　Liu　Bei　that　since　his　family　and　the　Suns　are　related　by　marriage；　they　really　form　but　one　house；　and　since　he　has　qualms　about　attacking　the　west；　we　will　do　it　for　him。　Thus；　the　South　Land　will　march　an　army　under　this　pretext；　but　really　go　to　Jingzhou；　and　we　shall　take　him　unprepared。　The　road　to　the　west　runs　through　his　city；　and　we　will　call　upon　him　for　supplies。　He　will　e　out　to　thank　the　army；　and　we　will　assassinate　him　whereby　we　shall　revenge　ourselves　and　at　the　same　time　remove　a　source　of　future　evil。〃
This　seemed　an　excellent　plan　to　Lu　Su；　and　he　returned　at　once　to　Jingzhou。　Before　receiving　him；　Liu　Bei　talked　over　the　matter　with　his　adviser。
Said　Zhuge　Liang；　〃Lu　Su　has　not　seen　the　Marquis　of　Wu。　He　has　called　in　at　Chaisang；　and　he　and　Zhou　Yu　have　decided　upon　some　scheme；　which　he　is　to　talk　you　into　accepting。　However；　let　him　talk。　You；　my　lord；　only　watch　me；　and　when　I　nod　my　head；　then　you　agree　to　whatever　he　may　propose。〃
Lu　Su　was　then　admitted　and　said；　〃The　Marquis　of　Wu　praises　the　noble　virtue　of　the　Imperial　Uncle；　and　after　consultation　with　his　officers；　he　has　determined　to　take　the　western　country　on　the　Imperial　Uncle's　behalf　and；　that　done；　Jingzhou　can　be